MCL Repair/Reconstruction

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) is one of four major ligaments of the knee that connects the femur (thighbone) to the tibia (shinbone) and is present on the inside of the knee joint. This ligament helps stabilize the knee.

Causes of MCL Tear

An injury to the MCL may occur as a result of direct impact to the knee.

Symptoms of MCL Tear

An MCL injury can result in a minor stretch (sprain) or a partial or complete tear of the ligament. The most common symptoms following an MCL injury include pain, swelling, and joint instability.

Diagnosis of MCL Tear

An MCL injury can be diagnosed with a thorough physical examination of the knee and diagnostic imaging tests such as X-rays, arthroscopy, and MRI scans. X-rays may help rule out any fractures. In addition, your doctor will perform a valgus stress test to check for stability of the MCL. In this test, the knee is bent approximately 300 and pressure is applied on the outside surface of the knee. Excessive pain or laxity is indicative of medial collateral ligament injury.

Management of MCL Tear

If the overall stability of the knee is intact, your doctor will recommend non-surgical methods including ice, physical therapy, and bracing.

Surgical reconstruction is rarely recommended for MCL tears but may be necessary in patients that fail to heal properly with residual knee instability. These cases are of ten associated with other ligament injuries. If surgery is required, a ligament repair may be performed, with or without reconstruction with a tendon graft; depending on the location and severity of the injury.

Indications and Contraindications for MCL Reconstruction

Medial collateral ligament reconstruction is indicated in patients with chronic MCL instability despite appropriate nonsurgical treatment.

Medial collateral ligament reconstruction is contraindicated in patients with degenerative changes in the medial or lateral compartment, active infection, ligament instability, or presence of chronic diseases that can hamper surgical management or compliance to postoperative rehabilitation instructions.

Postoperative Care for MCL Reconstruction

In the first two weeks after the surgery, toe-touch and weight-bearing is allowed with the knee brace locked in full extension. After 2 weeks 00to 300 of motion is allowed at the knee. At 4 weeks, knee flexion i0 allow0d from 600 to 900 of motion and full weight bearing is permitted. At 6 weeks, the brace is removed, and you are allowed to perform full range of motion. Crutches are of ten required until you regain your normal strength.

Risks and Complications of MCL Reconstruction

Knee stiffness and residual instability are the most common complications associated with MCL reconstruction. The other possible complications include: